1. Number of hail events (since 1990) and dew days (since 1985) were found to be increasing in Palampur, Himachal Pradesh. The dew days are increasing at the rate of 3 days per year.
2. The spatial and temporal distribution of seasonal rainfall revealed that 6 weeks period from 2nd week of July to mid-August, which receives ? 20 mm rainfall/week is safest/ risk free for transplanting of rice/horticultural/plantation crops in 38 out of 40 stations in Himachal Pradesh.
3. Few districts of Himachal Pradesh, viz. Mandi, Bilaspur, Solan, Sirmaur and Kangra districts, showed significant increasing trend in extreme rainfall events (75-100 mm &>100 mm) during SW monsoon.
4. On an average, loss in productivity of rice and maize by 4.5% and 12.1%, respectively, was observed during El- Niño years in Himachal Pradesh due to reduction in monsoon rainfall, while in the years following El- Niño, increase in average productivity of wheat and rapeseed-mustard by 7-8% was observed due to higher winter rains.
Fig: Variations in occurrence of hail events at Palampur 
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